Wildlife safety in Banff

• Carry bear spray on every trail. Keep it accessible — not buried in your pack — and know how to use it before you need it.
• If a trail is closed for a wildlife reason, the closure is the plan. Pick the next-best hike rather than going around the sign.

• Parks Canada sets 100 m for bears (black or grizzly), cougars, wolves, and coyotes; 30 m for hooved animals like elk, moose, deer, and bighorn sheep.
• Calving elk in May–June are unusually aggressive. Mothers will charge if you stand between them and a calf.
• Rut for elk is mid-September through October. Bulls are loud, present in town, and dangerous up close.
• If an animal changes its behaviour because of you, you are too close. Back away — never run.

• One canister, on your hip or chest strap, every hike. Sharing a spray that lives in someone else's pack is the same as not having one.
• Check the expiration date before the trip. Replace expired cans — pressure drops over time even if it looks fine.
• Read and follow the directions on your own can before the trip. Wind, rain, spray distance, and shelf life can all change how the product works.
• Airline and carrier rules vary and can prohibit bear spray. Check the exact carrier before travel; buying or renting locally is the safer fallback when transport rules are unclear.

• Make noise in dense brush and on blind corners — voice works better than bells.
• Travel in a group when you can. Solo hikers in bear country are statistically more likely to surprise an animal.
• Dawn and dusk are higher-risk windows for predators. If you are out then, be louder, not quieter.
• Keep food, snacks, and scented items sealed. Don't bury anything organic — even fruit peels.

• Stay in your car. Animals tolerate vehicles better than people on foot.
• Pull fully off the road if there's a safe shoulder. Do not stop in driving lanes.
• Never feed, lure, or call out to wildlife. A fed animal is on its way to being a destroyed animal.
• Move on within a minute or two. The more people stop, the more habituated the animal becomes.

• Stop. Stand tall and visible. Speak in a calm low voice so the bear knows you're human.
• Back away slowly the way you came. Don't turn your back. Don't run.
• Ready your bear spray with the safety off. Most encounters end here.
• If the bear is defensive — surprised, feeding, protecting young, vocalizing, or agitated — use bear spray if it keeps coming. If it makes contact, lie face-down, hands behind your neck, legs spread, and stay still until it leaves.
• If the bear appears non-defensive or predatory — intent on you, following, stalking, or attacking at night — do not play dead. Use bear spray and fight back if you cannot escape to shelter.

• Park dispatch (24/7): 403.762.1470. Use this for wildlife incidents, aggressive animals, or injured wildlife.
• Life-threatening emergencies: 911. Cell coverage is spotty — know your dispatch number before you lose signal.
• Reporting matters: dispatch uses sightings to plan closures and warnings that keep the next group safe.

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